{ "schemaVersion": 1, "built": "2026-10-07", "placeId": "soho", "frame": { "width": 935.0, "height": 1000.0, "metresPerUnit": 1.481911, "crs": "EPSG:27700", "bngBounds": [ 528870.9731619344, 180306.0998558951, 530256.5303342249, 181788.010477249 ], "origin": { "easting": 528870.9731619344, "northing": 181788.010477249 }, "yAxis": "south" }, "overview": { "bbox": [ -0.38, 51.36, 0.36, 51.78 ], "crs": "EPSG:4326", "northUp": true }, "assets": [ { "file": "climate-london-ndvi-2025-08-25.webp", "href": "/media/city-twin/climate-london-ndvi-2025-08-25.webp", "product": "ndvi", "region": "london", "width": 2048, "height": 1870, "bytes": 1336652, "sha256": "94948fdc6244be343e6cae3d3374e9dbea176f8e3b7f142846e4215ca4cbaa11", "format": "WebP", "evidence": "derived", "purpose": "Colour display, not numerical analysis", "nativePixelM": 10, "productGridM": 10, "displayPixelM": [ 25.052248689253613, 24.98869004745336 ], "bbox": [ -0.38, 51.36, 0.36, 51.78 ], "crs": "EPSG:4326", "northUp": true, "transform": [ 0.000361328125, 0, -0.38, 0, -0.00022459893048128434, 51.78 ], "resampling": "nearest", "preview": false, "alpha": "255 for source-supported QA-valid samples, 0 for missing or rejected samples; verified after WebP decode", "statistics": { "validFraction": 0.9999744109291444, "validSamples": 3829662, "totalSamples": 3829760, "values": { "minimum": -0.6538889408111572, "p05": 0.0923076942563057, "median": 0.42981475591659546, "p95": 0.8386132717132568, "maximum": 0.9290465712547302 }, "masterSha256": "84b27023b8cd3e49bce9391985e5abfb18d4dadf64635d1de119ec8da5be3cd3" }, "statisticsScope": "Full numerical export grid, including for its preview", "maskStatistics": { "validSamples": 3829662, "totalSamples": 3829760, "validFraction": 0.9999744109291444 }, "palette": { "range": [ -0.2, 0.8 ], "colours": [ "476a7c", "d1cec2", "bbc69b", "73946a", "345c4b" ], "unit": "unitless", "legend": "NDVI: near-infrared/red contrast, not canopy height or cooling effect" } }, { "file": "climate-london-ndvi-2025-08-25-preview.webp", "href": "/media/city-twin/climate-london-ndvi-2025-08-25-preview.webp", "product": "ndvi", "region": "london", "width": 512, "height": 468, "bytes": 111610, "sha256": "ae6d70235d589842b6bc567d467f803a70adb34045d6c28f66348890df3d3f2f", "format": "WebP", "evidence": "derived", "purpose": "Colour display, not numerical analysis", "nativePixelM": 10, "productGridM": 10, "displayPixelM": [ 100.20899475701445, 99.84797091610638 ], "bbox": [ -0.38, 51.36, 0.36, 51.78 ], "crs": "EPSG:4326", "northUp": true, "transform": [ 0.0014453125, 0, -0.38, 0, -0.0008974358974359011, 51.78 ], "resampling": "nearest", "preview": true, "alpha": "255 for source-supported QA-valid samples, 0 for missing or rejected samples; verified after WebP decode", "statistics": { "validFraction": 0.9999744109291444, "validSamples": 3829662, "totalSamples": 3829760, "values": { "minimum": -0.6538889408111572, "p05": 0.0923076942563057, "median": 0.42981475591659546, "p95": 0.8386132717132568, "maximum": 0.9290465712547302 }, "masterSha256": "84b27023b8cd3e49bce9391985e5abfb18d4dadf64635d1de119ec8da5be3cd3" }, "statisticsScope": "Full numerical export grid, including for its preview", "maskStatistics": { "validSamples": 239610, "totalSamples": 239616, "validFraction": 0.9999749599358975 }, "palette": { "range": [ -0.2, 0.8 ], "colours": [ "476a7c", "d1cec2", "bbc69b", "73946a", "345c4b" ], "unit": "unitless", "legend": "NDVI: near-infrared/red contrast, not canopy height or cooling effect" } }, { "file": "climate-soho-ndvi-2025-08-25.webp", "href": "/media/city-twin/climate-soho-ndvi-2025-08-25.webp", "product": "ndvi", "region": "soho", "width": 139, "height": 149, "bytes": 4802, "sha256": "77646011037eaddd00b9513dc05d57e60ba4fdd2eefddfbaab594daa8939d653", "format": "WebP", "evidence": "derived", "purpose": "Colour display, not numerical analysis", "nativePixelM": 10, "productGridM": 10, "displayPixelM": [ 9.96803721072313, 9.945708868146918 ], "bbox": [ 528870.9731619344, 180306.0998558951, 530256.5303342249, 181788.010477249 ], "crs": "EPSG:27700", "northUp": true, "transform": [ 9.96803721072313, 0, 528870.9731619344, 0, -9.945708868146918, 181788.010477249 ], "resampling": "nearest", "preview": false, "alpha": "255 for source-supported QA-valid samples, 0 for missing or rejected samples; verified after WebP decode", "statistics": { "validFraction": 1.0, "validSamples": 20711, "totalSamples": 20711, "values": { "minimum": -0.9169491529464722, "p05": -0.0018627633107826114, "median": 0.08446298539638519, "p95": 0.5229848027229309, "maximum": 0.8745945692062378 }, "masterSha256": "1bd001e219ac7bb45d4f061905ac60e73cf052ff37f585b3859772af8c9b0cae" }, "statisticsScope": "Full numerical export grid, including for its preview", "maskStatistics": { "validSamples": 20711, "totalSamples": 20711, "validFraction": 1.0 }, "palette": { "range": [ -0.2, 0.8 ], "colours": [ "476a7c", "d1cec2", "bbc69b", "73946a", "345c4b" ], "unit": "unitless", "legend": "NDVI: near-infrared/red contrast, not canopy height or cooling effect" } }, { "file": "climate-london-lst-cividis-2025-07-10.webp", "href": "/media/city-twin/climate-london-lst-cividis-2025-07-10.webp", "product": "lst", "region": "london", "width": 1536, "height": 1400, "bytes": 338228, "sha256": "b847f7e7597755bef16d199459c2ba4e30f0e1f4a6d9c3380b4593e364e5c86a", "format": "WebP", "evidence": "derived", "purpose": "Colour display, not numerical analysis", "nativePixelM": 100, "productGridM": 30, "displayPixelM": [ 33.40299825233815, 33.37775027766985 ], "bbox": [ -0.38, 51.36, 0.36, 51.78 ], "crs": "EPSG:4326", "northUp": true, "transform": [ 0.00048177083333333335, 0, -0.38, 0, -0.0003000000000000012, 51.78 ], "resampling": "nearest", "preview": false, "alpha": "255 for source-supported QA-valid samples, 0 for missing or rejected samples; verified after WebP decode", "statistics": { "validFraction": 0.9688955543154761, "validSamples": 2083513, "totalSamples": 2150400, "values": { "minimum": 20.589475631713867, "p05": 32.22441482543945, "median": 39.689369201660156, "p95": 44.3549690246582, "maximum": 57.40155029296875 }, "masterSha256": "3f80048d37621a48572a504262833b51bbe20bba0d7de5a5cbefa6fe599a662a", "uncertainty_k": { "minimum": 2.049999952316284, "p05": 2.1700000762939453, "median": 2.390000104904175, "p95": 4.010000228881836, "maximum": 7.639999866485596 }, "emissivity": { "minimum": 0.8087999820709229, "p05": 0.9639999866485596, "median": 0.9728000164031982, "p95": 0.9843999743461609, "maximum": 0.9994000196456909 }, "emissivity_sd": { "minimum": 0.0, "p05": 0.0031999999191612005, "median": 0.007199999876320362, "p95": 0.015699999406933784, "maximum": 0.08470000326633453 } }, "statisticsScope": "Full numerical export grid, including for its preview", "maskStatistics": { "validSamples": 2083513, "totalSamples": 2150400, "validFraction": 0.9688955543154761 }, "palette": { "range": [ 32, 46 ], "colours": [ "00224e", "0c3470", "35456c", "4f576c", "666970", "7d7c78", "948e77", "ada272", "c8b866", "e5cf52", "fee838" ], "unit": "degrees Celsius", "legend": "Surface temperature at one overpass; native thermal support 100 m", "name": "cividis", "slug": "cividis" } }, { "file": "climate-london-lst-cividis-2025-07-10-preview.webp", "href": "/media/city-twin/climate-london-lst-cividis-2025-07-10-preview.webp", "product": "lst", "region": "london", "width": 384, "height": 350, "bytes": 57764, "sha256": "08339a633378ac19b08f1714d30690cf5f37db0a1f641a21582facfdbbd91919", "format": "WebP", "evidence": "derived", "purpose": "Colour display, not numerical analysis", "nativePixelM": 100, "productGridM": 30, "displayPixelM": [ 133.6119930093526, 133.5110011106794 ], "bbox": [ -0.38, 51.36, 0.36, 51.78 ], "crs": "EPSG:4326", "northUp": true, "transform": [ 0.0019270833333333334, 0, -0.38, 0, -0.0012000000000000049, 51.78 ], "resampling": "nearest", "preview": true, "alpha": "255 for source-supported QA-valid samples, 0 for missing or rejected samples; verified after WebP decode", "statistics": { "validFraction": 0.9688955543154761, "validSamples": 2083513, "totalSamples": 2150400, "values": { "minimum": 20.589475631713867, "p05": 32.22441482543945, "median": 39.689369201660156, "p95": 44.3549690246582, "maximum": 57.40155029296875 }, "masterSha256": "3f80048d37621a48572a504262833b51bbe20bba0d7de5a5cbefa6fe599a662a", "uncertainty_k": { "minimum": 2.049999952316284, "p05": 2.1700000762939453, "median": 2.390000104904175, "p95": 4.010000228881836, "maximum": 7.639999866485596 }, "emissivity": { "minimum": 0.8087999820709229, "p05": 0.9639999866485596, "median": 0.9728000164031982, "p95": 0.9843999743461609, "maximum": 0.9994000196456909 }, "emissivity_sd": { "minimum": 0.0, "p05": 0.0031999999191612005, "median": 0.007199999876320362, "p95": 0.015699999406933784, "maximum": 0.08470000326633453 } }, "statisticsScope": "Full numerical export grid, including for its preview", "maskStatistics": { "validSamples": 130227, "totalSamples": 134400, "validFraction": 0.9689508928571429 }, "palette": { "range": [ 32, 46 ], "colours": [ "00224e", "0c3470", "35456c", "4f576c", "666970", "7d7c78", "948e77", "ada272", "c8b866", "e5cf52", "fee838" ], "unit": "degrees Celsius", "legend": "Surface temperature at one overpass; native thermal support 100 m", "name": "cividis", "slug": "cividis" } }, { "file": "climate-soho-lst-cividis-2025-07-10.webp", "href": "/media/city-twin/climate-soho-lst-cividis-2025-07-10.webp", "product": "lst", "region": "soho", "width": 47, "height": 50, "bytes": 422, "sha256": "b38f7093401ed5228f6d8e75ebe3e5a44589ecdfe956e8358e69c2acd7c966eb", "format": "WebP", "evidence": "derived", "purpose": "Colour display, not numerical analysis", "nativePixelM": 100, "productGridM": 30, "displayPixelM": [ 29.47993983596841, 29.638212427077814 ], "bbox": [ 528870.9731619344, 180306.0998558951, 530256.5303342249, 181788.010477249 ], "crs": "EPSG:27700", "northUp": true, "transform": [ 29.47993983596841, 0, 528870.9731619344, 0, -29.638212427077814, 181788.010477249 ], "resampling": "nearest", "preview": false, "alpha": "255 for source-supported QA-valid samples, 0 for missing or rejected samples; verified after WebP decode", "statistics": { "validFraction": 1.0, "validSamples": 2350, "totalSamples": 2350, "values": { "minimum": 38.32899856567383, "p05": 40.33879470825195, "median": 42.30073928833008, "p95": 43.81834030151367, "maximum": 45.8281364440918 }, "masterSha256": "b8103438e3824376bbf71ceacf6d4b1f86027f4185791d97b752a41397f5dfa2", "uncertainty_k": { "minimum": 2.740000009536743, "p05": 2.924499988555908, "median": 3.2300000190734863, "p95": 3.5899999141693115, "maximum": 3.9800000190734863 }, "emissivity": { "minimum": 0.9589999914169312, "p05": 0.9629999995231628, "median": 0.9699000120162964, "p95": 0.9753000140190125, "maximum": 0.9853000044822693 }, "emissivity_sd": { "minimum": 0.0015999999595806003, "p05": 0.0033450000919401646, "median": 0.010499999858438969, "p95": 0.026900000870227814, "maximum": 0.0357000008225441 } }, "statisticsScope": "Full numerical export grid, including for its preview", "maskStatistics": { "validSamples": 2350, "totalSamples": 2350, "validFraction": 1.0 }, "palette": { "range": [ 32, 46 ], "colours": [ "00224e", "0c3470", "35456c", "4f576c", "666970", "7d7c78", "948e77", "ada272", "c8b866", "e5cf52", "fee838" ], "unit": "degrees Celsius", "legend": "Surface temperature at one overpass; native thermal support 100 m", "name": "cividis", "slug": "cividis" } } ], "ndvi": { "source": "https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/datasets/catalog/COPERNICUS_S2_SR_HARMONIZED", "collection": "COPERNICUS/S2_SR_HARMONIZED", "acquisition": "2025-08-25", "scenes": [ { "CLOUDY_PIXEL_PERCENTAGE": 0.021966, "MGRS_TILE": "30UXC", "PRODUCT_ID": "S2C_MSIL2A_20250825T105641_N0511_R094_T30UXC_20250825T154713", "SPACECRAFT_NAME": "Sentinel-2C", "system:index": "20250825T105641_20250825T110120_T30UXC", "system:time_start": 1756120030723 }, { "CLOUDY_PIXEL_PERCENTAGE": 0.160072, "MGRS_TILE": "30UYC", "PRODUCT_ID": "S2C_MSIL2A_20250825T105641_N0511_R094_T30UYC_20250825T154713", "SPACECRAFT_NAME": "Sentinel-2C", "system:index": "20250825T105641_20250825T110120_T30UYC", "system:time_start": 1756120027333 } ], "evidence": "derived", "license": "Copernicus Sentinel free, full and open", "attribution": "Contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2025", "licenceUrl": "https://sentinels.copernicus.eu/documents/247904/690755/Sentinel_Data_Legal_Notice", "bands": [ "B8", "B4" ], "reflectanceScale": 0.0001, "nativePixelM": 10, "method": "NDVI = (near infrared B8 - red B4) / (B8 + B4), from harmonised Level-2A surface reflectance. Pixels with negative reflectance or non-positive denominator are rejected. Same-date tiles mosaicked in sorted index order; no cross-date composite or gap filling.", "quality": { "SCL_reject_classes": [ 0, 1, 3, 8, 9, 10, 11 ], "SCL_nativePixelM": 20 }, "limits": "A dated reflectance index, not a vegetation species, canopy-height, carbon or cooling-effect measurement. SCL is a classification-based mask, not field validation. NDVI and temperature acquisitions are different dates." }, "lst": { "source": "https://www.usgs.gov/landsat-missions/landsat-collection-2-surface-temperature", "catalogue": "https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/datasets/catalog/LANDSAT_LC09_C02_T1_L2", "collectionsSearched": [ "LANDSAT/LC08/C02/T1_L2", "LANDSAT/LC09/C02/T1_L2" ], "scene": { "CLOUD_COVER": 5.94, "DATE_ACQUIRED": "2025-07-10", "LANDSAT_PRODUCT_ID": "LC09_L2SP_201024_20250710_20250711_02_T1", "SCENE_CENTER_TIME": "10:52:06.7850330Z", "SPACECRAFT_ID": "LANDSAT_9", "WRS_PATH": 201, "WRS_ROW": 24, "local_valid_london": 0.9698808111423002, "local_valid_soho": 1, "system:index": "2_LC09_201024_20250710", "system:time_start": 1752144726785 }, "acquisitionUtc": "2025-07-10T10:52:06.785000+00:00", "evidence": "derived", "license": "Public domain", "attribution": "Landsat Collection 2 Level-2 image courtesy of the U.S. Geological Survey.", "band": "ST_B10", "nativeThermalPixelM": 100, "deliveredProductGridM": 30, "scale": 0.00341802, "offsetKelvin": 149, "kelvinToCelsius": -273.15, "quality": { "QA_PIXEL_reject_bits": { "fill": 0, "dilated_cloud": 1, "cirrus": 2, "cloud": 3, "cloud_shadow": 4, "snow": 5 }, "QA_RADSAT_required_value": 0, "rejectZeroST": true, "uncertaintyCutoff": null, "note": "Uncertainty is retained and reported, not hidden by an arbitrary acceptance cutoff." }, "ancillary": { "ST_QA": { "scale": 0.01, "unit": "kelvin", "meaning": "Provider surface-temperature uncertainty" }, "ST_EMIS": { "scale": 0.0001, "meaning": "Provider emissivity, based on ASTER GED with its vegetation adjustment" }, "ST_EMSD": { "scale": 0.0001, "meaning": "Provider emissivity standard deviation" } }, "noEmissivityRecorrection": true, "search": { "bbox": [ -0.38, 51.36, 0.36, 51.78 ], "start": "2025-06-01", "endExclusive": "2025-09-01", "processingLevel": "L2SP", "maximumSceneCloudPercentExclusive": 80, "londonCoverageSampleM": 250, "sohoCoverageSampleM": 90 }, "selection": "Highest locally QA-valid fraction across London at a 250 m sampling grid; then Soho coverage; then acquisition date. Clear coverage is availability, not temperature accuracy.", "candidateCount": 16, "limits": "Surface temperature at one daytime overpass, not air temperature, pedestrian radiant exposure, UTCI, indoor temperature, building heat loss, EPC or forecast climate risk. The 30 m delivery grid does not create independent 30 m thermal observations. ASTER GED gaps remain missing; emissivity/atmospheric uncertainty and cloud-adjacent retrieval errors remain. USGS documents small-target blockiness and an emissivity vegetation-adjustment anomaly. No local field calibration, anomaly baseline, UHI magnitude or intervention effect is claimed.", "displayProfile": { "recoloured": "2026-10-16", "decision": "Owner, 16 October 2026: London's range, blue to yellow", "palette": { "name": "cividis", "stops": 11, "source": "Nunez, Anderton and Renslow 2018, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0199239", "tableLicence": "UNVERIFIED (the 256-entry table is distributed with matplotlib); eleven sampled colours only", "maxCiede2000VsFullTable": 1.25, "meanCiede2000VsFullTable": 0.43, "lightnessLowToHigh": [ 13.8, 91.3 ], "lightnessMonotonic": true }, "limits": [ 32, 46 ], "limitRule": "Whole-degree roundings of the 2nd and 98th percentiles of the QA-valid pixels inside the ONS Greater London region on this overpass. A display choice, not a threshold.", "greaterLondon": { "validPixels": 1402010, "p2": 31.6, "p98": 45.5, "clippedBelow": 0.026, "clippedAbove": 0.011, "regionSha256": "79a5e6539164de53b219228193b247d0b25c6fdd0c6c00cdf2ae5188fea8b485" }, "comparison": "Colours are comparable within this page, not across dates: another overpass would need its own declared limits.", "noData": "Pixels without a valid observation (cloud, QA rejects) keep alpha 0 in the files; the stage draws them as a hatched underlay keyed 'No valid observation'." } }, "retrieved": "2026-10-07", "display": { "missingData": "Transparent; source masks and QA rejects retained, no inpainting or extrapolation", "colourLimits": "Values outside palette bounds retain valid alpha and clip colour only; surface-temperature colours clip at 32 and 46 degrees Celsius and vegetation colours at -0.2 and 0.8; numerical masters are unchanged", "resampling": "Nearest sampling on explicit north-up grids, including both preview levels; no thermal sharpening", "compression": "WebP colour display only, lossless alpha verified byte-for-byte after decoding, numerical masters private. Chosen because lossy AVIF altered missing-data alpha and lossless AVIF was three times larger for this raster.", "sourceSeparation": "Satellite overpass dates, historical aerial and modelled physical building diagrams remain distinct evidence layers" }, "methodLineage": "Reviewed ShapingCoolCities corrected Landsat Level-2 contract: scale ST_B10 once, reject QA_PIXEL bits 0\u20135 and QA_RADSAT nonzero, retain official uncertainty/emissivity ancillary bands. No legacy model-performance or intervention claims transferred." }